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Revelation
Chapter Eighteen
I.
Content of the Chapter
The Fall of
I. The main body of a court verdict of judging the
fall of
II. Calling the people of God to come out of her
(v.4-5)
III. The accusation and denouement of judging the
fall of
IV. The horribleness of the judgment
A. the
kings of the earth weep and lament for her (v.9-10)
B. the
merchants of the earth weep and lament for her (v.11-17a)
C.
those who trade on the sea weep and lament for her (v.17b-19)
V. Men of God rejoice over her judgment (v.20)
VI. The conditions of the fall of
II.
Verse by Verse commentary
Rev. 18:1 “After these things I saw
another angel coming down from heaven, having great authority, and the earth
was illuminated with his glory.”
YLT: “And after these
things I saw another messenger coming down out of the heaven, having great
authority, and the earth was lightened from his glory,”
Meaning of Words: “come down”:
descend, fall down; “illuminate”: light up, enlighten.
Spiritual Meaning: “After these things” refers to after the angle had pointed out and
explained the vision of the great harlot to John the apostle.
“I
saw another angel coming down from heaven, having great authority” this angle refers to Christ.
“And
the earth was illuminated with his glory.” Christ is the brightness of God’s glory (See Heb.
1:3) and therefore His glory is the glory of God which shines upon the whole land.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) The heavens and the earth are created to
manifest the glory of God, however, the earth falls short of the glory of God
because of men’s sins (See Rom. 3:23). And therefore God can only set His glory
above heavens (See Ps. 8:1). However, the land shall be illuminated with His
glory one day.
2) When the Lord comes again, He will come down to
the cloud first (See 10:1; 14:14) and it is His secret coming. Then His glory
shall shine upon the land and it is His public coming.
Rev. 18:2 “And he cried mightily
with a loud voice, saying, "Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and
has become a dwelling place of demons, a prison for every foul spirit, and a
cage for every unclean and hated bird!”
YLT: “and he did cry in
might -- a great voice, saying, `Fall, fall did
Meaning of Words: “fall”: fail, fall
down; “foul”: unclean; “prison”: jail, cage.
Spiritual Meaning: “And he cried mightily with a loud voice,
saying, "
“Is fallen, is fallen”
indicates that it shall collapse. It happened after its internal
conflict----they had destroyed the Roman Catholic Church (See 17:16).
“And
has become a dwelling place of demons, a prison for every foul spirit” It indicates that it is no longer the
place where men reside and only demons and foul spirits bully around in it.
“And
a cage for every unclean and hated bird!” it indicates that its residents have become the
flesh of the great supper of all the fowls that fly in the midst of heaven (See
19:17-18).
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) According to the literal
2) Actually the worldly
Rev. 18:3 “For all the nations have
drunk of the wine of the wrath of her fornication, the kings of the earth have
committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth have become rich
through the abundance of her luxury."”
YLT: “because of the wine
of the wrath of her whoredom have all the nations drunk, and the kings of the
earth with her did commit whoredom, and merchants of the earth from the power
of her revel were made rich.”
Meaning of Words: “fornication”:
whoredom, harlotry; “merchant”: businessman, tradesman; “luxury”: delicacy,
extravagance, straining.
Spiritual Meaning: “For all the nations have drunk of the wine of
the wrath of her fornication, the kings of the earth have committed fornication
with her” This sentence
refers to the accusation of Babylon the great in the religious aspect (See
14:8; 17:2): 1) men of all nations are deceived by the heretical teachings of
the Roman Catholic Church; 2) caesaropapism.
“And
the merchants of the earth have become rich through the abundance of her
luxury.’” This sentence
refers to the accusation of
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) The cunning craftiness of the devil is nothing
more than two kinds: a) utilizing heretical teachings to attract those who set
their mind on pursing God; b) utilizing the worldly enjoyment to attract those
who fulfill their flesh.
2) Today in the church, both heresies and the world
seem to be welcomed and the devil has successfully blended these two kinds of
craftiness together and utilizes the prosperity teaching and various worldly
activities to corrode the hearts of the saints right now.
Rev. 18:4 “And I heard another voice
from heaven saying, "Come out of her, my people, lest you share in her
sins, and lest you receive of her plagues.”
YLT: “And I heard another
voice out of the heaven, saying, `Come forth out of her, My people, that ye may
not partake with her sins, and that ye may not receive of her plagues,”
Meaning of Words: “people”: common
people, men; “come out”: depart, set out; “share”: partake; “plague”: disaster,
stripe.
Spiritual Meaning: “And I heard another voice from heaven saying” it is the voice from God (See 2Cor.
6:17-18).
“‘Coming
out of her, my people” “my people” indicates
that probably there are God’s true people who have mingled themselves with men
in the Roman Catholic Church, heretical Christianity and the world. “Coming out
of her” refers to
“Lest
you share in her sins” the plural word
“sins” refers to misdoings. Believers’ sins before they have believed in the
Lord have been cleansed by the precious blood (See Eph. 1:7), however, we have
to deal with sins unceasingly in order to be forgiven after we have believed in
the Lord (See 1John. 1:7-9).
“And
lest you receive of her plagues” refers to
suffering the loss of the plagues. Though believers’ souls must be saved, if we
are not carful, we shall also suffer loss, yet so as by fire (See 1Cor. 3:15).
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) Today believers have to live in the world,
however, our hearts must overcome the world and come out from among the world
(See 1Cor. 7:31; 2Cor. 6:17).
2) If possible, Christians had better not live in
the cities guilty of the most heinous crimes (such as the gambling town, the
city where the influence of queers is great). If we have found that something
is wrong with the nature of the church or group where we join, we’d better come
out of it.
Rev. 18:5 “For her sins have reached
to heaven, and God has remembered her iniquities.”
YLT: “because her sins
did follow -- unto the heaven, and God did remember her unrighteousness.”
Meaning of Words: “reach to”: up to;
“iniquities”: unjust deeds, unrighteousness.
Literal Meaning: “For her sins have reached to heaven” has two meanings: 1) the sins are numerous
and have been piled up unto heaven (See Gen. 11:4); 2) the sins are grievous
and the cry comes unto God (See Gen. 18:20).
“And
God has remembered her iniquities.”
It does not mean that God has already ignored or forgotten her iniquities but
that God is about to execute the judgment towards her iniquities at this time
according to what God has predestinated.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) God clearly knows men’s sins and He is tolerant
all the time. However, when the sins of men are piled up unto heaven, just as
men had built the tower called
2) The Lord has His time (See John. 7:6). We always
misunderstand that He lets many things be and has not dealt with them, but
actually the time has not come yet.
Rev. 18:6 “Render to her just as she
rendered to you, and repay her double according to her works; in the cup which
she has mixed, mix double for her.”
YLT: “Render to her as
also she did render to you, and double to her doubles according to her works;
in the cup that she did mingle mingle to her double.”
Meaning of Words: “render”: pay,
return; “double”: two doubles (the first word is two words connected together
in the original), double (the second word is one word in the original).
Literal Meaning: “Render to her just as she rendered to you” it is the minimum judgment according to
the law----eye for eye, tooth for tooth (See Exod. 21:24).
“And
repay her double according to her works;” however, the judgment that God measures to
“In
the cup which she has mixed, mix double for her.” “The cup which she has mixed” indicates that she
regards the pain of others as her pleasure. “Double” refers to two-fold in the
original. “Mix double for her” refers to returning the two-fold pain to her.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) God’s punishment in future will not be less than
what men deserve. He won’t ease it or leave it out.
2) Believers should not ignore the pain of others.
We should never build our happiness upon the pain of others.
Rev. 18:7 “In the measure that she
glorified herself and lived luxuriously, in the same measure give her torment
and sorrow; for she says in her heart, "I sit as queen, and am no widow,
and will not see sorrow.'”
YLT: “`As much as she did
glorify herself and did revel, so much torment and sorrow give to her, because
in her heart she saith, I sit a queen, and a widow I am not, and sorrow I shall
not see;”
Meaning of Words: “in the measure”: as
much as, how great; “live luxuriously”: live deliciously, be luxurious.
Literal Meaning: “In the measure that she glorified herself and
lived luxuriously” “glorified herself”
is the expression of pride----esteeming themselves better than others (See
Phil. 2:3, the opposite meaning) and considering themselves worthy of others’
admiration and exaltation. “Lived luxuriously” (See Rom. 13:14) and considering
themselves worthy of such enjoyments.
“In
the same measure give her torment and sorrow;” it means that men’s excessive happiness and
enjoyments today will bring themselves pain and sorrow tomorrow in return.
“For
she says in her heart, ‘I sit as queen” “sit as queen” refers to having power and
influence, managing others instead of being managed and enjoying everything.
“And
am no widow, and will not see sorrow.’”
“Widow” refers to losing the reliance and enjoyments of life and being helpless
when facing difficult positions.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) We should let nothing be done through selfish
ambition or conceit, but in lowliness of mind (See Phil. 2:3) because
believers’ greatest responsibility in our life is to glorify God instead of
glorifying ourselves.
2) The most beautiful adornment of men is the inner
character instead of the gaudiness of appearance. The greatest enjoyment of men
is the satisfaction of the inner hearts instead of the endless pursuit.
3) Pride goes before destruction, and a haughty
spirit before a fall (Prov. 16:18).
4) Christians live in the world as widows instead
of queens. Our hearts only look forward to being raptured to meet the Lord
instead of enjoying the splendor of the world greedily.
Rev. 18:8 “Therefore her plagues
will come in one day--death and mourning and famine. And she will be utterly
burned with fire, for strong is the Lord God who judges her.”
YLT: “because of this, in
one day, shall come her plagues, death, and sorrow, and famine; and in fire she
shall be utterly burned, because strong [is] the Lord God who is judging her;”
Meaning of Words: “utterly burn”:
consume wholly; “strong”: powerful, mightier.
Literal Meaning: “Therefore her plagues will come in one day” “in one day” refers to the sudden coming
without any sign beforehand and men are caught unawares. “Will come” refers to
the overwhelming coming and it is hard for men to bear.
“Death
and mourning and famine. And she will be utterly burned with fire” “death” is directed against “glorifying
herself”. “Mourning” is directed against “I am no widow, and will not see
sorrow”. “Famine” is directed against “living luxuriously”. “Being utterly
burned with fire” is directed against “as queen” (See v.7).
“For
strong is the Lord God who judges her.”
It means that nothing can hold back the judgment of God and the execution of
the punishments.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) We should take heed to ourselves, lest our
hearts be weighed down with carousing, drunkenness, and cares of this life, and
that Day come on us unexpectedly (See Luke 21:34).
2) The dead can no longer be proud and those who
have nothing can no longer live luxuriously.
Rev. 18:9 “‘The
kings of the earth who committed fornication and lived luxuriously with her
will weep and lament for her, when they see the smoke of her burning,”
YLT: “and weep over her,
and smite themselves for her, shall the kings of the earth, who with her did
commit whoredom and did revel, when they may see the smoke of her burning,”
Meaning of Words: “weep”: bewail, wail
aloud; “lament”: beat the breast, cut down; “burning”: flaming, smelting.
Literal Meaning: “‘The kings of the earth who
committed fornication and lived luxuriously with her” “the kings of the earth” represent all men who
have power, influence and positions in the world. “Who committed fornication
with her” refers to cooperating with her. “Lived luxuriously with her” refers
to having the same deeds with her.
“Will
weep and lament for her, when they see the smoke of her burning” “will weep and lament for her” refers to
being helpless with her plagues.
Rev. 18:10 “standing at a distance
for fear of her torment, saying, "Alas, alas, that great city
YLT: “from afar having
stood because of the fear of her torment, saying, Wo, wo, the great city!
Meaning of Words: “at a distance”:
afar off, from afar; “mighty”: strong, mighty.
Literal Meaning: “standing at a distance for fear of her torment, saying” “fear of her
torment” refers to being afraid of being involved in torment.
“‘Alas,
alas, that great city
“For
in one hour your judgment has come.'”
It describes that the sudden destruction comes upon them (See 1Thess. 5:3).
Rev. 18:11 “"And the merchants
of the earth will weep and mourn over her, for no one buys their merchandise
anymore:”
YLT: “`And the merchants
of the earth shall weep and sorrow over her, because their lading no one doth
buy any more;”
Meaning of Words: “mourn”: grieve,
bewail; “merchandise”: cargo, transporting goods and materials.
Literal Meaning: “"And the merchants of the earth will weep
and mourn over her” “the merchants of
the earth” represent all men who are engaged in business and marketing.
“For
no one buys their merchandise anymore:”
it means that they lose the main customers.
Rev. 18:12 “merchandise of gold and
silver, precious stones and pearls, fine linen and purple, silk and scarlet,
every kind of citron wood, every kind of object of ivory, every kind of object
of most precious wood, bronze, iron, and marble;”
YLT: “lading of gold, and
silver, and precious stone, and pearl, and fine linen, and purple, and silk,
and scarlet, and all thyne wood, and every vessel of ivory, and every vessel of
most precious wood, and brass, and iron, and marble,”
Meaning of Words: “most precious”:
valuable, the high ranking.
Literal Meaning: “merchandise of gold and silver, precious stones
and pearls” the first
kind----adornments.
“Fine
linen and purple, silk and scarlet”
the second kind----the high-level dress materials.
“Every
kind of citron wood, every kind of object of ivory” the third kind----the carving artworks.
“Every
kind of object of most precious wood, bronze, iron, and marble” the fourth kind----the building materials
and the high-level furnishing.
Rev. 18:13 “and cinnamon and incense,
fragrant oil and frankincense, wine and oil, fine flour and wheat, cattle and
sheep, horses and chariots, and bodies and souls of men.”
YLT: “and cinnamon, and
odours, and ointment, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and
wheat, and cattle, and sheep, and of horses, and of chariots, and of bodies and
souls of men.”
Meaning of Words: “incense”: Indian
perfume; “frankincense”: myrrh.
Literal Meaning: “and cinnamon and incense, fragrant oil and
frankincense” the fifth
kind----cosmetics.
“Wine
and oil, fine flour and wheat, cattle and sheep” the sixth kind----food.
“Horses
and chariots” the seventh
kind----vehicles.
“And
bodies and souls of men” the eighth
kind----men. “Bodies” refers to selling out oneself as a slave. “Souls of men”
refers to selling out souls----not taking care of life for existence.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) Today many people sell out their bodies and
souls and even devote themselves to some improper occupations. Though they have
no command over themselves on the excuse of existence, God will judge them in
future.
2) Among the
twenty-nine merchandises, gold and silver are listed at the front and bodies
and souls of men are listed in the end. Today lives of men are not always
respected in the eyes of many rich men.
3) The true God’s church and saints do not hesitate
to pay high price to save souls of men. However, the heresies and its followers
do not hesitate to corrupt souls of men so as to gain certain benefits.
Rev. 18:14 “The fruit that your soul
longed for has gone from you, and all the things which are rich and splendid
have gone from you, and you shall find them no more at all.”
YLT: “`And the fruits of
the desire of thy soul did go away from thee, and all things -- the dainty and
the bright -- did go away from thee, and no more at all mayest thou find them.”
Meaning of Words: “long for”: lust,
desire; “rich”: dainty; “splendid”: bright things.
Literal Meaning: “The fruit that your soul longed for has gone from
you” it is the voice from heaven. “The fruit
that your soul longed for” refers to various kinds of precious fruits and the
results that men labor to pursue. “Has gone from you” refers to becoming
nothingness.
“And
all the things which are rich and splendid have gone from you” “things which are rich” refers to various
kinds of first-class ingredients and the enjoyments that men long for.
“Splendid” refers to various kinds of panoplies and the collection which men
show off.
“And
you shall find them no more at all.”
It means that all have become the past and they have gone with the wind.
Rev. 18:15 “The merchants of these
things, who became rich by her, will stand at a distance for fear of her
torment, weeping and wailing,”
YLT: “The merchants of
these things, who were made rich by her, far off shall stand because of the
fear of her torment, weeping, and sorrowing,”
Meaning of Words: “became rich”: be
wealthy, abundant; “fear”: be afraid of.
Literal Meaning: “The merchants of these things, who became rich by
her,” “her” refers to
“Will
stand at a distance for fear of her torment, weeping and wailing,” “fear of her torment” refers to being
afraid of being involved in torment.
Rev. 18:16 “and saying, ‘Alas, alas, that great city that was clothed in fine
linen, purple, and scarlet, and adorned with gold and precious stones and pearls!”
YLT: “and saying, Wo, wo,
the great city, that was arrayed with fine linen, and purple, and scarlet, and
gilded in gold, and precious stone, and pearls -- because in one hour so much
riches were made waste!”
Meaning of Words: “was clothed in”: put
on, throw all around; “adorned with”: gilded.
Literal Meaning: “and saying, "Alas, alas, that great city” “Alas, alas” refers to feeling extremely
sad and grieved. “That great city” refers to
“That
was clothed in fine linen, purple, and scarlet,” refers to wearing expensive and beautiful
clothes.
“And
adorned with gold and precious stones and pearls!” it refers to wearing precious decorations.
Rev. 18:17 “For in one hour such
great riches came to nothing.' Every shipmaster, all who travel by ship,
sailors, and as many as trade on the sea, stood at a distance”
YLT: “`And every
shipmaster, and all the company upon the ships, and sailors, and as many as
work the sea, far off stood,”
Meaning of Words: “riches”: wealth,
abundance; “come to nothing”: lay waste, make desolation.
Literal Meaning: “For in one hour such great riches came to
nothing.'” It means that such
great riches become noting in a moment.
“Every
shipmaster, all who travel by ship, sailors,” “shipmaster” refers to the ship-owner. “All who
travel by ship” refers to ship-passengers. “Sailors” refers to shipmen.
“And
as many as trade on the sea, stood at a distance” “as many as trade on the sea” refers to all the
lines of business related to shipping. The above-mentioned four kinds of men
generally represent all men who make a living by the nature.
Rev. 18:18 “and cried out when they
saw the smoke of her burning, saying, "What is like this great city?'”
YLT: “and were crying,
seeing the smoke of her burning, saying, What [city is] like to the great
city?”
Meaning of Words: “cry out”: weep,
call aloud.
Literal Meaning: “and cried out when they saw the smoke of her
burning, saying” “smoke”
represents destruction and everything which can be seen but cannot be held.
“‘What
is like this great city?'” it means that this
great city cannot be matched in the world.
Rev. 18:19 “‘They
threw dust on their heads and cried out, weeping and wailing, and saying, ‘Alas, alas, that great city, in which all who had ships
on the sea became rich by her wealth! For in one hour she is made desolate.'”
YLT: “and they did cast
dust upon their heads, and were crying out, weeping and sorrowing, saying, Wo,
wo, the great city! in which were made rich all having ships in the sea, out of
her costliness -- for in one hour was she made waste.”
Meaning of Words: “throw”: cast, throw
away; “made desolate”: come to nought.
Literal Meaning: “‘They threw dust on their
heads and cried out, weeping and wailing, and saying,” “They
threw dust on their heads” it is a movement
that men in the
“‘Alas,
alas, that great city” please see the
note in v.16.
“In
which all who had ships on the sea became rich by her wealth!” “Her wealth” refers to the precious
merchandizes listed in v.12 and v.13.
“For
in one hour she is made desolate'”
“Made desolate” refers to ruins.
Rev. 18:20 “‘Rejoice
over her, O heaven, and you holy apostles and prophets, for God has avenged you
on her!’”
YLT: “`Be glad over her,
O heaven, and ye holy apostles and prophets, because God did judge your
judgment of her!'”
Meaning of Words: “rejoice”: be glad,
be merry; “avenge”: set a lawsuit, judge the judgment.
Literal Meaning: “O heaven, and you holy apostles and prophets,” “heaven” refer to those who live in
heaven. It refers to believers and the people of God. “Your holy apostles”
refers to servants sent by God. “Prophets” refers to men who speak for God.
“‘Rejoice
over her,” it refers to being
glad because she was punished by God.
“For
God has avenged you on her!’” It is the answer
to the prayer of all the saints and the prayer in the fifth seal was included
(See 6:9-10).
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) There are three kinds of men on the earth----the
kings of the earth, the merchants of the earth and those who trade on the sea
(See v.9, 11, 17) mourning for her, however, there are three kinds of men in
heaven----the saints, the apostles and the prophets rejoicing over her. Men
have the completely contrary reaction to the same thing. We believers should
notice that our reactions to things express our spiritual conditions (See Matt.
5:38-42).
2) The whole
Rev. 18:21 “Then a mighty angel took
up a stone like a great millstone and threw it into the sea, saying, "Thus
with violence the great city
YLT: “And one strong
messenger did take up a stone as a great millstone, and did cast [it] to the
sea, saying, `Thus with violence shall
Meaning of Words: “mighty”: strong,
powerful; “take up”: lift up, put away; “with violence”: on an impulse, an
attack.
Literal Meaning: “Then a mighty angel took up a stone like a great
millstone and threw it into the sea, saying,” it shows that God does not allow the great city
Babylon to appear on the earth any longer in His established will (See Jer.
51:63-64).
“‘Thus
with violence the great city
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) A great millstone was used to mill grain for
men’s existence and today it is used by the angel to describe the abandonment.
It means that those who have been abandoned do not have the value of existence
and God will never take pity on them.
2) The Lord Jesus said that, “whoever causes one of
these little ones who believe in Me to sin, it would be better for him if a
millstone were hung around his neck, and he were drowned in the depth of the
sea (See Matt. 18:6). He whoever makes believers who are weak in the spirit sin
will be useless in the church and he is only worthy to welter in the world (the
sea).
Rev. 18:22 “The sound of harpists,
musicians, flutists, and trumpeters shall not be heard in you anymore. No
craftsman of any craft shall be found in you anymore, and the sound of a
millstone shall not be heard in you anymore.”
YLT: “and voice of
harpers, and musicians, and pipers, and trumpeters, may not be heard at all in
thee any more; and any artizan of any art may not be found at all in thee any
more; and noise of a millstone may not be heard at all in thee any more;”
Meaning of Words: “musicians”:
instrumentalist, player; “craftsman”: artisan, artist; “craft”: occupation,
trade.
Literal Meaning: “The sound of harpists, musicians, flutists, and
trumpeters shall not be heard in you anymore.” “The
sound of harpists, musicians, flutists, and trumpeters” refers to music.
“No
craftsman of any craft shall be found in you anymore” “craftsman” refers to artists.
“And
the sound of a millstone shall not be heard in you anymore.” “The sound of a millstone” refers to the normal sound of making a
living.
Rev. 18:23 “The light of a lamp shall
not shine in you anymore, and the voice of bridegroom and bride shall not be
heard in you anymore. For your merchants were the great men of the earth, for
by your sorcery all the nations were deceived.”
YLT: “and light of a lamp
may not shine at all in thee any more; and voice of bridegroom and of bride may
not be heard at all in thee any more; because thy merchants were the great ones
of the earth, because in thy sorcery were all the nations led astray,”
Meaning of Words: “sorcery”:
intoxicant, medicine; “deceive”: cheat, lead astray.
Literal Meaning: “The light of a lamp shall not shine in you
anymore,” “the light of a
lamp” refers to the normal phenomenon of living activities.
“And
the voice of bridegroom and bride shall not be heard in you anymore.” “The voice of bridegroom and bride” refers to the merry voice of maintaining
life.
“For
your merchants were the great men of the earth,” it indicates that social positions of merchants
are very high.
“For
by your sorcery all the nations were deceived.” “You sorcery” indicates that the cunning
craftiness by which antichrist deceives men has two aspects: 1) the heretical
teachings; 2) the enticement of the world.
Rev. 18:24 “And in her was found the
blood of prophets and saints, and of all who were slain on the earth.’”
YLT: “and in her blood of
prophets and of saints was found, and of all those who have been slain on the
earth.'”
Literal Meaning: “the blood of prophets and saints, and of all who were slain on the earth.” “Prophets and saints” refers to martyrs
among men of God. “Of
all who were slain on the earth” refers to the
world that died through injustice.
“And
in her was found’” refers to finding
out its evidence of sin.
III.
Outlines of the Spiritual Lessons
The Downfall of
I. The declaration of the downfall of
II. The reasons why
A. its spiritual corruption (v.2)
B. it can corrupt nations, kings and merchants of the earth (v.3)
C. it can corrupt the world and make them commit sins (v.4-5)
D. it has persecuted the people of God (v.6)
E. it glorifies itself and lives luxuriously (v.7)
III. The speed of the downfall of
IV. The shocks brought in by the downfall of
A. those who committed fornication and lived luxuriously with her lost
companions (v.9-10)
B. those who became rich by her lost customers (v.11-16)
C. those who made living by her lost backstage boss (v.17-19)
D. those who had been persecuted by her rejoiced (v.20)
V. The real situation of the downfall of
A. it must be very violent (v.21)
B. it must be complete and thorough (v.22-23)
VI. Retelling the reasons for the downfall
of
A. the great men----pride
B. sorcery----the spiritual corruption
C. deceit
D. persecution and murder
──
Caleb Huang《Christian Digest Bible
Commentary Series》
Translated by Sharon Ren