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1
Chronicles Chapter Five
New King James Version (NKJV)
INTRODUCTION TO 1 CHRONICLES 5
This
chapter relates the genealogy of the tribes that lived on the other side
Jordan; of the Reubenites, 1 Chronicles 5:1,
of the Gadites, 1 Chronicles 5:11
of the half tribe of Manasseh, 1 Chronicles 5:23
and of their war with the Hagarites, in conjunction with each other, and their
conquest of them, 1 Chronicles 5:18
and who for their sins were all carried captive by the king of Assyria, 1 Chronicles 5:25.
1 Chronicles
5:1 Now the sons of
Reuben the firstborn of Israel—he was indeed the firstborn, but because
he defiled his father’s bed, his birthright was given to the sons of Joseph,
the son of Israel, so that the genealogy is not listed according to the
birthright;
YLT
1As to sons of Reuben,
first-born of Israel -- for he [is] the first-born, and on account of his
profaning the couch of his father hath his birthright been given to the sons of
Joseph son of Israel, and [he is] not to be reckoned by genealogy for the
birthright,
Now the sons of Reuben, the firstborn of Israel,.... Are as
follow in 1 Chronicles 5:3
where the account begins; for what comes between this and that is in a
parenthesis:
for he was the firstborn; of Jacob by his wife
Leah; that must be owned, and Jacob allows it, Genesis 49:3 and
yet the genealogy in this book begins not with him, as might on that account be
expected; the reason follows:
but forasmuch as he defiled his father's bed: by lying with
Bilhah his concubine:
his birthright was given unto the sons of Joseph the son of Israel; his beloved
son by his beloved wife Rachel and so had a double portion given him; his two
sons being equally ranked with the other sons of Jacob, and became distinct
tribes, and each had their lot in the land of Canaan, see Genesis 48:5
compared with Deuteronomy 21:17.
and the genealogy is not to be reckoned after the birthright; or, "but
the genealogy", &c.F15"Nee tamen", Tigurine
version. ; neither after the birthright of Reuben, which he had by nature,
being Jacob's firstborn; nor after the birthright of Joseph, which be had by
his father's gift, as it might be thought it should; the reason of which
follows.
1 Chronicles
5:2 2 yet
Judah prevailed over his brothers, and from him came a ruler, although
the birthright was Joseph’s—
YLT
2for Judah hath been mighty
over his brother, and for leader above him, and the birthright [is] to Joseph.
For Judah prevailed above his brethren,.... That is,
the tribe of Judah prevailed above the rest in number, in valour, and courage,
and in dignity; wherefore the genealogy is not reckoned according to
birthright, but dignity and dominion; hence this genealogical account began
with Judah:
because of him came
the chief ruler; David and the kings of Judah, his successors; and above all,
from him the Prince Messiah was to spring, and did, according to Genesis 49:10 so
both the Syriac and Arabic versions read,"out of Judah should go forth the
King Messiah:"
but the birthright was Joseph's or
"though"F16Licet, ibid. (Tigurine version) it was; yet
Judah having the dominion and dignity, that tribe is first genealogized.
1 Chronicles
5:3 3 the
sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel were Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
YLT
3Sons of Reuben, first-born
of Israel: Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
The sons, I say, of Reuben the firstborn of Israel, were,
Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi. As in Genesis 46:9.
1 Chronicles 5:4 4 The sons of Joel were
Shemaiah his son, Gog his son, Shimei his son,
YLT
4Sons of Joel: Shemaiah his
son, Gog his son, Shimei his son,
Verse 4-5
The sons of Joel,.... Who was either the son of Carmi last
mentioned, or rather of Hanoch, Reuben's firstborn, since the descendants of
him were the princes of the tribe: his posterity in succession were, Shemaiah,
Cog, Shimei, Micah, Reaia, Baal, Beerah; of whom we know no more than their
names, and by these the descent is carried down to the captivity by
Tiglathpileser, as follows.
1 Chronicles 5:5 5 Micah his son, Reaiah his
son, Baal his son,
YLT
5Micah his son, Reaiah his
son, Baal his son,
1 Chronicles 5:6 6 and Beerah his son, whom
Tiglath-Pileser[a] king of
Assyria carried into captivity. He was leader of the Reubenites.
YLT
6Beerah his son, whom
Tilgath-Pilneser king of Asshur removed; he [is] prince of the Reubenite.
Beerah his son,.... The last of Joel's posterity, who,
according to the Targum and other Jewish writersF17Aben Ezra in Hos.
i. 1. Pesikta apud Abarbinel. in ib. was a prophet, and the father of Hosea,
see Hosea 1:1 but
neither the name, title, time, nor tribe, agree:
whom Tilgathpilneser king of Assyria carried away captive; the same with
Tiglathpileser by a transposition of letters, 2 Kings 15:29 and
is read the same here in the Greek, Syriac, and Arabic versions:
he was prince of the Reubenites; at that time;
that is, Beerah was.
1 Chronicles 5:7 7 And his brethren by their
families, when the genealogy of their generations was registered: the chief,
Jeiel, and Zechariah,
YLT
7And his brethren, by their
families, in the genealogy of their generations, [are] heads: Jeiel, and
Zechariah,
And his brethren by their families,.... Either the brethren
of Beerah, or the rest of the posterity of Reuben:
(when the genealogy of their generations was reckoned;) either in the
times of Jotham and Jeroboam, 1 Chronicles 5:17
or at the time of their captivity, as in the preceding verse:
were the chief,
Jehiel, and Zechariah; these were the principals or heads of their families.
1 Chronicles 5:8 8 and Bela the son of Azaz,
the son of Shema, the son of Joel, who dwelt in Aroer, as far as Nebo and Baal
Meon.
YLT
8and Bela son of Azaz, son
of Shema, son of Joel -- he is dwelling in Aroer, even unto Nebo and Baal-Meon;
And Bela the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel,.... The
pedigree of Bela, another principal man in the tribe of Reuben, is traced up to
Joel the father of Shema; the same with Shemaiah, according to Kimchi and Ben
Melech, 1 Chronicles 5:4
who dwelt in Aroer; which belonged to the tribe of Gad, and was
rebuilt by them, Numbers 32:34
wherefore Kimchi observes, it may be interpreted, either from Aroer, or on the
border of it, Bela dwelt:
even unto Nebo, and Baalmeon; of which See Gill on Numbers 32:38.
1 Chronicles 5:9 9 Eastward they settled as
far as the entrance of the wilderness this side of the River Euphrates, because
their cattle had multiplied in the land of Gilead.
YLT
9and at the east he dwelt
even unto the entering in of the wilderness, even from the river Phrat, for
their cattle were multiplied in the land of Gilead.
And eastward he inhabited,.... Either Bela, or the
tribe of Reuben:
unto the entering in of the wilderness; the
wilderness of Kedemoth, which was near to Sihon king of Heshbon, whose land the
Reubenites inhabited, Deuteronomy 2:26.
from the river Euphrates; a learned manF18Texelii
Phoenix, l. 3. c. 7. p. 272. thinks that this river Phrat was different from
the Euphrates near Babylon, which was northward, since this was to the east or
southeast:
because their cattle were multiplied in the land of Gilead; therefore
their habitation was extended further, even to the river Euphrates, as in the
days of David and Solomon, 2 Samuel 8:3.
1 Chronicles 5:10 10 Now in the days of Saul
they made war with the Hagrites, who fell by their hand; and they dwelt in
their tents throughout the entire area east of Gilead.
YLT
10And in the days of Saul
they have made war with the Hagarites, who fall by their hand, and they dwell
in their tents over all the face of the east of Gilead.
And in the days of Saul they made war with the Hagarites,.... Not with
the Hungarians, as the Targum, a people not then in being; but the Ishmaelites,
so called because they descended from HagarF19So David de Pomis,
Lexic. fol. 45. 4. , Sarah's maid; the same that are placed by PlinyF20Nat.
Hist. l. 6. c. 28. and PtolemyF21Geograph. l. 5. c. 19. in Arabia,
near the Batanaeans, or inhabitants of Bashan; with those the Reubenites made
war, in conjunction with the Gadites and half tribe of Manasseh, 1 Chronicles 5:18,
perhaps this war might be much about the time Saul relieved Jabeshgilead, and
beat the Ammonites, 1 Samuel 11:1 by which
the tribes on that side Jordan might be encouraged to it:
who fell by their hand; were worsted and
conquered by them:
and they dwelt in their tents; in which the Arabians
used to dwell, because of their flocks; hence some of them were called Scenites:
throughout all the east land of Gilead; or rather
throughout all the land of the Hagarites, which lay to the east of Gilead, as
the Vulgate Latin version; or otherwise the land of Gilead itself was their
original possession.
1 Chronicles 5:11 11 And the children of Gad
dwelt next to them in the land of Bashan as far as Salcah:
YLT
11And the sons of Gad,
over-against them have dwelt in the land of Bashan unto Salcah,
And the children of Gad dwelt over against them,.... Or by
them, the Reubenites; and one part of Gilead was given them between them, and
the other to the half tribe of Manasseh:
in the land of Bashan, unto Salcah; for though all Bashan is
said to be given to the half tribe of Manasseh, Deuteronomy 3:13
yet that is to be understood of the greater part of it; all of that which
belonged to Og, but what did not, the Gadites, either from the first, or in
later times, inhabited even as far as Salcah, which was one of the cities of
Og, Deuteronomy 3:10
and which Benjamin of TudelaF23Itinerar. p. 57. makes mention of,
being called by the same name in his days.
1 Chronicles 5:12 12 Joel was the chief,
Shapham the next, then Jaanai and Shaphat in Bashan,
YLT
12Joel the head, and Shapham
the second, and Jaanai and Shaphat in Bashan;
Joel the chief,.... In this and the following verse are
reckoned up the principal men in the tribe of Gad, and the chief of all was
Joel, another from him in the tribe of Reuben, 1 Chronicles 5:4.
and Shapham the next; the second chief man,
from whom, RelandF24Palestin. Illustrat. par. 2. p. 602.
conjectures, Shophan, a city in the tribe of Gad, had its name, Numbers 32:35.
and Jaanai; from whom Danjaan might be called, as Michaelis intimates, 2 Samuel 24:6.
and Shaphat in Bashan; not Shaphat the father
of Elisha, according to a tradition of the Jews, mentioned by Kimchi; which is
not at all probable.
1 Chronicles 5:13 13 and their brethren of
their father’s house: Michael, Meshullam, Sheba, Jorai, Jachan, Zia, and
Eber—seven in all.
YLT
13and their brethren of the
house of their fathers [are] Michael, and Meshullam, and Sheba, and Jorai, and
Jachan, and Zia, and Heber, seven.
And their brethren of the house of their fathers,.... Who were
also men of eminence and note in them:
were, Michael, and Meshullam, and Shebai, and Jorai, and Jachan,
and Zia, and Heber, seven; so they are as here mentioned by name.
1 Chronicles 5:14 14 These were the
children of Abihail the son of Huri, the son of Jaroah, the son of Gilead, the
son of Michael, the son of Jeshishai, the son of Jahdo, the son of Buz;
YLT
14These [are] sons of Abihail
son of Huri, son of Jaroah, son of Gilead, son of Michael, son of Jeshishai,
son of Jahdo, son of Buz;
These are the children of Abihail the son of Huri,.... That is,
the seven before mentioned; they were the posterity of Abihail, whose pedigree
is traced from his father Huri to Buz, the intermediate progenitors being
Jaroah, Gilead, Michael, Jeshishai, Jahdo.
1 Chronicles 5:15 15 Ahi the son of Abdiel, the
son of Guni, was chief of their father’s house.
YLT
15Ahi son of Abdiel, son of
Guni, [is] head of the house of their fathers;
Ahi the son of Abdiel, the son of Guni, chief of the house of
their fathers. Which Ahi was a principal man in the families the seven above men
belonged to; besides them, or those three, were everyone of them heads of
families.
1 Chronicles 5:16 16 And the Gadites
dwelt in Gilead, in Bashan and in its villages, and in all the common-lands of
Sharon within their borders.
YLT
16and they dwell in Gilead in
Bashan, and in her small towns, and in all suburbs of Sharon, upon their
outskirts;
And they dwelt in Gilead,.... In that part of it
which belonged to the tribe of Gad:
in Bashan, and in her towns; See Gill on 1 Chronicles 5:11,
and in all the suburbs of Sharon, upon their borders; there were
two Sharons, one to the west of the land of Israel near the Mediterranean sea,
which is mentioned in Acts 9:35 as near
Lydda and Joppa; and the other to the east or northeast, beyond Jordan, which
is here meant.
1 Chronicles 5:17 17 All these were registered
by genealogies in the days of Jotham king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam
king of Israel.
YLT
17all of them reckoned
themselves by genealogy in the days of Jotham king of Judah, and in the days of
Jeroboam king of Israel.
All these were reckoned by genealogies,.... All
before mentioned:
in the days of Jotham king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam
king of Israel; not that those two kings reigned at the same time, and one and
the same reckoning is meant; but, as Dr. LightfootF25Works, vol. 1.
p. 100. observes, there were two reckonings; his words are,"in the days of
Jotham there was an account taken of the families of Reuben, Gad, and half
Manasseh, 1 Chronicles 5:17
and so had there been in the days of Jeroboam the second; then at their
restoring by Jeroboam out of the hands of Hamath and Syria, and now at their
arming against the Assyrian, under whom they fell in the time of Pekah, and are
never again restored to Israel.'
1 Chronicles 5:18 18 The sons of Reuben, the
Gadites, and half the tribe of Manasseh had forty-four thousand seven
hundred and sixty valiant men, men able to bear shield and sword, to shoot with
the bow, and skillful in war, who went to war.
YLT
18Sons of Reuben, and the
Gadite, and the half of the tribe of Manasseh, of sons of valour, men bearing
shield and sword, and treading bow, and taught in battle, [are] forty and four
thousand and seven hundred and sixty, going out to the host.
The sons of Reuben, and the Gadites, and half the tribe of
Manasseh,.... These all joined together, living together on the one side
of Jordan:
of valiant men, men able to bear buckler and sword, and to shoot
with bow, and skilful in war; strong able bodied men; and not only able
to bear and carry arms, sword in one hand, and shield in another; but were men
of valour and courage, and had military skill, and knew how to handle their
arms to advantage:
were four and forty
thousand seven hundred and threescore, that went out to the war: that used to
go out when there was occasion, and did at this time.
1 Chronicles 5:19 19 They made war with the
Hagrites, Jetur, Naphish, and Nodab.
YLT
19And they make war with the
Hagarites, and Jetur, and Naphish, and Nodab,
And they made war with the Hagarites,.... Before
mentioned, 1 Chronicles 5:19.
with Jetur, and Nephish: with the posterity of
these men, who were sons of Ishmael, Genesis 25:15 and
so was Nodab; perhaps the same with Kedemah, mentioned along with the other two
there; so HillerusF26Onomastic. Sacr. p. 554. thinks.
1 Chronicles 5:20 20 And they were helped
against them, and the Hagrites were delivered into their hand, and all who were
with them, for they cried out to God in the battle. He heeded their prayer,
because they put their trust in Him.
YLT
20and they are helped against
them, and the Hagarites are given into their hand, and all who [are] with them,
for they cried to God in battle, and He was entreated of them, because they
trusted in Him.
And they were helped against them,.... The Israelites were
helped against the Ishmaelites, to fight with them, and overcome them; either
by their brethren of the house of Israel, as the Targum, those on this side
Jordan; or rather by the Lord, to whom they cried, and who was entreated by
them as follows:
and the Hagarites were delivered into their hand, and all that were
with them; they and their confederates and auxiliaries, the Ituraeans,
&c.
for they cried to God in the battle; which at first seems to
have gone against them; and they prayed to God, as the Targum, while they were
fighting, that he would appear for them, and give them victory:
and he was entreated of them; he received their
prayer, as the same paraphrase; he heard them, and answered them:
because they put their trust in him; in his power and
providence, and not in their own strength, courage, and military skill; the
Targum is,"because they trusted in his word.'
1 Chronicles 5:21 21 Then they took away their
livestock—fifty thousand of their camels, two hundred and fifty thousand of
their sheep, and two thousand of their donkeys—also one hundred thousand of
their men;
YLT
21And they take captive their
cattle, of their camels fifty thousand, and of sheep two hundred and fifty
thousand, and of asses two thousand, and of human beings a hundred thousand;
And they took away their cattle,.... Which they brought
with them, and they found in their camp when they fled, or in their fields:
of their camels fifty thousand; with which Arabia
abounded, and were fit to travel with in those hot and desert countries, being
strong to carry burdens, and able to bear much thirst. The Arabians, as
Diodorus SiculusF1Bibliothec. l. 2. p. 137. & l. 3. p. 178. Vid.
Plin. l. 8. c. l8. reports, brought up camels, for almost all the uses of life;
as for the sake of their milk and flesh to feed upon, as well as for carrying
burdens in common; and which in time of war they loaded with provisions for the
army, and fought upon, one of them carrying two archers with their backs to
each other, the one to meet the enemy in front, the other to annoy those that
pursued them; and so the Parthians made use of camels both to fight on, and to
carry provisions for their soldiersF2Tacit. Annal. l. 15. c. 12.
Herodian. l. 4. c. 28, 30. :
and of sheep two hundred and fifty thousand; which these
Hagarites kept both for food and clothing, and some of them might be now taken
with them to supply their army; the Spartans carried sheep with them in their
expeditions, as sacrifices to their godsF3Pausan. Boeotica, sive, l.
9. p. 561. ; but it need not be supposed that these creatures, and those that
follow, were in such large numbers with the Hagarites in the battle, but were
afterwards found, partly in their camp, and partly in the places inhabited by
them:
and of asses two thousand; used to ride on, and
carry loads, and also to plough with; and in all these lay the wealth of men in
those times and countries, see Job 1:1.
and of men one hundred thousand; so that they took captive
above as many more as their army consisted of.
1 Chronicles 5:22 22 for many fell dead,
because the war was God’s. And they dwelt in their place until the
captivity.
YLT
22for many have fallen
pierced, for of God [is] the battle; and they dwell in their stead till the
removal.
For there fell down many slain,.... Many were killed in
the battle, besides the great number of prisoners made, so that the army the
Ishmaelites brought into the field was very great:
because the war was of God; or from the Word of the
Lord, as the Targum; he stirred up the Israelites to it, directed, assisted,
and succeeded them, that vengeance might be taken on this wicked and idolatrous
people:
and they dwelt in their stead until the captivity; the Targum
adds, of Sennacherib king of Assyria; but this captivity of the tribes referred
to was not by him, but by Tilgathpilneser king of Assyria, 1 Chronicles 5:26
and they dwelt not in the country of the Arab-hagarites, or Ishmaelites in
their stead there, but in Gilead, as in 1 Chronicles 5:10
which belonged to the Gadites and Reubenites originally, but had been
dispossessed of it, or however distressed in it by these Hagarites, which they
now drove out, and dwelt in their stead; for as for the Scenite-arabs or
Ishmaelites, they never were conquered and brought into subjection by any
people, but always maintained their independencyF4See the notes on
Gen. xvi. 12. and Dan. xi. 41. and a dissertation upon the independency of the
Arabs, at the end of the Universal History, vol. 20. See Gill on Genesis 16:12. See
Gill on Daniel 11:41. ; and
lived upon the plunder of their neighbours, pitching their tents here and there
for their convenience, which in these parts were at this time spoiled.
1 Chronicles 5:23 23 So the children of the
half-tribe of Manasseh dwelt in the land. Their numbers increased from
Bashan to Baal Hermon, that is, to Senir, or Mount Hermon.
YLT
23And the sons of the half of
the tribe of Manasseh dwelt in the land, from Bashan unto Baal-Hermon, and
Senir, and mount Hermon, they have multiplied.
And the children of the half tribe of Manasseh dwelt in the land,.... Not in the
land of the Hagarites, but in the land of Gilead and Bashan beyond Jordan,
given them by Moses. The writer, having reckoned the genealogies of some of the
principal men of Reuben and Gad, proceeds to give a short account of some
principal men in this half tribe:
they increased from Bashan; where they first
settled, and extended their possessions:
unto Baalhermon and Senir, and unto Mount Hermon; mountains
which lay to the north of the land of Canaan, and are what geographers call
Antilibanus.
1 Chronicles 5:24 24 These were the
heads of their fathers’ houses: Epher, Ishi, Eliel, Azriel, Jeremiah, Hodaviah,
and Jahdiel. They were mighty men of valor, famous men, and heads of
their fathers’ houses.
YLT
24And these [are] heads of
the house of their fathers, even Epher, and Ishi, and Eliel, and Azriel, and
Jeremiah, and Hodaviah, and Jahdiel, men mighty in valour, men of name, heads
to the house of their fathers.
And these were the heads of the house of their fathers,.... Some of
the principal men of this half tribe:
even Epher, and Ishi, and Eliel, and Azriel, and Jeremiah, and
Hodaviah, and Jahdiel; but of none of these we read elsewhere, excepting Hepher and
Azriel, Numbers 26:31.
mighty men of valour, famous men, and heads of the house of their
fathers; men that obtained a name for their strength, courage, and
valour, and military exploits, and were the chiefs of the families in this half
tribe, and by whom they were denominated; so from Hepher were the family of the
Hepherites, and from Azriel the family of the Azrielites, as in the place
before quoted.
1 Chronicles 5:25 25 And they were unfaithful
to the God of their fathers, and played the harlot after the gods of the
peoples of the land, whom God had destroyed before them.
YLT
25And they trespass against
the God of their fathers, and go a-whoring after the gods of the peoples of the
land whom God destroyed from their presence;
And they transgressed against the God their fathers,.... Against
his law, will, word, and ordinances, not only the half tribe of Manasseh, hut
the Reubenites and Gadites also:
and went a whoring after the gods of the people of the land, whom
God destroyed before them; that is, committed idolatry, which is
spiritual fornication or whoredom; worshipped the idols either of the Amorites,
who were destroyed by the Lord to make way for their first settlement; or of
the Ishmaelites, whom they conquered, and whose land they dwelt in to the
captivity.
1 Chronicles 5:26 26 So the God of Israel
stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria, that is, Tiglath-Pileser[b] king of
Assyria. He carried the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh
into captivity. He took them to Halah, Habor, Hara, and the river of Gozan to
this day.
YLT
26and stir up doth the God of
Israel the spirit of Pul king of Asshur, and the spirit of Tilgath-Pilneser
king of Asshur, and he removeth them -- even the Reubenite, and the Gadite, and
the half of the tribe of Manasseh -- and bringeth them in to Halah, and Habor,
and Hara, and the river of Gozan unto this day.
And the God of Israel,.... The Targum
is,"the word of the God of Israel:"
stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria: in the times
of Menahem king of Israel:
and the spirit of Tilgathpilneser; in the times of Pekah
king of Israel, to invade the land, and make war in it:
and he carried them away: not the former, but the
latter:
even the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half tribe of
Manasseh; these entirely together, with some other parts of the land, see 2 Kings 15:29.
and brought them unto Halah, and Habor, and Hara, and to the river
Gozan; to the very same places where afterwards Salmaneser carried the
ten tribes, or what remained of them, see 2 Kings 17:6.
unto this day; the times of Ezra, the writer of this book,
after the tribe of Judah returned from the captivity of Babylon; but the ten
tribes remained where they were carried, and have not returned even to this
day.
──《John Gill’s
Exposition of the Bible》
New King James
Version (NKJV)