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2
Chronicles Chapter Twenty-six
New King James Version (NKJV)
INTRODUCTION TO 2 CHRONICLES 26
This
chapter relates the good reign of Uzziah, 2 Chronicles 26:1,
his wars and victories, his buildings, the number of his soldiers, and his
military stores, 2 Chronicles 26:6,
his invasion of the priest's office, in attempting to offer incense, for which
he was smitten with a leprosy, which continued to his death, 2 Chronicles 26:16.
2 Chronicles
26:1 Now all the
people of Judah took Uzziah,[a] who was
sixteen years old, and made him king instead of his father Amaziah.
YLT
1And all the people of Judah
take Uzziah (and he [is] a son of sixteen years), and cause him to reign
instead of his father Amaziah.
Verses 1-4
Then all the people of Judah took Uzziah,.... Of this
and the three following verses, see the notes on 2 Kings 14:21 where
Uzziah is called Azariah. See Gill on 2 Kings 14:21, 2 Kings 14:22, 2 Kings 15:2, 2 Kings 15:3
2 Chronicles
26:2 2 He
built Elath[b] and
restored it to Judah, after the king rested with his fathers.
YLT
2He hath built Eloth, and
restoreth it to Judah after the king's lying with his fathers.
2 Chronicles 26:3 3 Uzziah was sixteen
years old when he became king, and he reigned fifty-two years in Jerusalem. His
mother’s name was Jecholiah of Jerusalem.
YLT
3A son of sixteen years [is]
Uzziah in his reigning, and fifty and two years he hath reigned in Jerusalem,
and the name of his mother [is] Jecholiah of Jerusalem.
2 Chronicles 26:4 4 And he did what was
right in the sight of the Lord, according to all that
his father Amaziah had done.
YLT
4And he doth that which is
right in the eyes of Jehovah, according to all that Amaziah his father did,
2 Chronicles 26:5 5 He sought God in the days
of Zechariah, who had understanding in the visions[c] of God;
and as long as he sought the Lord, God made him prosper.
YLT
5and he is as one seeking
God in the days of Zechariah who hath understanding in visions of God: and in
the days of his seeking Jehovah, God hath caused him to prosper.
And he sought God in the days of Zechariah,.... Not that
Zechariah, the last of the prophets save one, he lived three hundred years
after this; nor he that Joash slew; but, as it may seem, a son of his, perhaps
the same with him in Isaiah 8:2,
who had understanding in the visions of God: who either
had prophetic visions granted to him, or had divine wisdom to interpret such
that others had; or, as others think, had a gift of interpreting the prophecies
of others, the writings of Moses and David, &c. to which the Targum seems
to agree; which paraphrases it,"who taught in the fear of the Lord;'with
which agree the Septuagint, Syriac, and Arabic versions; some copies read
"in the fear of God"; as an ancient manuscript mentioned by Junius,
and so the TalmudF12Vid. Buxtorf. Lex. in rad. ראה.
:
and, as long as he sought the Lord, God made him to prosper; in his
kingdom, and against his enemies; even so long as he abode by the word,
worship, and ordinances of God, of which instances are given, as follow.
2 Chronicles 26:6 6 Now he went out and made
war against the Philistines, and broke down the wall of Gath, the wall of
Jabneh, and the wall of Ashdod; and he built cities around Ashdod and
among the Philistines.
YLT
6And he goeth forth, and
fighteth with the Philistines, and breaketh down the wall of Gath, and the wall
of Jabneh, and the wall of Ashdod, and buildeth cities about Ashdod, and among
the Philistines.
And he went forth, and warred against the Philistines,.... Who in
the times of Jehoram broke in upon Judah, and distressed them, 2 Chronicles 21:16.
and brake down the wall of Gath; which was one of the
five principalities of the Philistines:
and the wall of Jabneh; nowhere else mentioned
in Scripture, but frequent in the Jewish writings; where the sanhedrim
sometimes sat, and where was a famous university, and from whence sprung many
of the Jewish rabbins; it is the same which in some writers is called Jamnia,
and was a port near to Joppa; and belonged to the tribe of Dan, as JosephusF13Antiqu.
l. 5. c. 9. sect. 22. writes:
and the wall of Ashdod: another of the
principalities of the Philistines, the same with the Azotus of the New
Testament; he dismantled all these places:
and built cities about Ashdod, and among the Philistines; where he
placed garrisons to keep them in awe; see Amos 1:8.
2 Chronicles 26:7 7 God helped him against the
Philistines, against the Arabians who lived in Gur Baal, and against the
Meunites.
YLT
7And God helpeth him against
the Philistines, and against the Arabians who are dwelling in Gur-Baal and the
Mehunim.
And God helped him against the Philistines,.... He did
not do all before related of himself, and by his own strength, but by the help
of God; the Targum is"the Word of the Lord helped him:"
and against the Arabians that dwelt in Gurbaal; the same with
Gerar, according to the Targum; which also belonged to the Philistines, and had
a king in Abraham's time, Genesis 20:1, the
same with Askelon, another of the five principalities of the Philistines:
and the Mehunims; or the Minaeans, as the Septuagint, and
whom PlinyF14Nat. Hist. l. 6. c. 28. makes mention of among the
Arabians; they seem to be the Scenite Arabs; see 2 Chronicles 20:1,
or rather, as the Targum, those that dwelt in the plain of Maon, which was in
Arabia Petraea.
2 Chronicles 26:8 8 Also the Ammonites brought
tribute to Uzziah. His fame spread as far as the entrance of Egypt, for he
became exceedingly strong.
YLT
8And the Ammonites give a
present to Uzziah, and his name goeth unto the entering in of Egypt, for he
strengthened himself greatly.
And the Ammonites gave gifts to Uzziah,.... As
tributaries to him, or; however, as desirous to live in friendship with him:
and his name spread abroad, even to the entering in of Egypt; so far he
carried his arms, and conquered the countries that lay between Palestine and
Egypt:
for he strengthened himself exceedingly; his kingdom
and its coasts from the force of enemies.
2 Chronicles 26:9 9 And Uzziah built towers in
Jerusalem at the Corner Gate, at the Valley Gate, and at the corner buttress of
the wall; then he fortified them.
YLT
9And Uzziah buildeth towers
in Jerusalem, by the gate of the corner, and by the gate of the valley, and by
the angle, and strengtheneth them;
Moreover Uzziah built towers in Jerusalem at the corner gate,.... Which was
broken down by the king of Israel in his father's time, 2 Chronicles 25:23
and which he not only repaired, but strengthened, by building a tower upon it:
and at the valley gate; which led to the valley,
Nehemiah 2:13,
called the valley of the dead bodies, in which they were cast, and in which the
brook Kidron ran, Jeremiah 31:40.
and at the turning of the wall; at each of those places
he built towers, which JosephusF15Antiqu. l. 9. c. 10. sect. 3. says
were one hundred and fifty cubits high: and fortified them; put garrisons of
soldiers into them.
2 Chronicles 26:10 10 Also he built towers in
the desert. He dug many wells, for he had much livestock, both in the lowlands
and in the plains; he also had farmers and vinedressers in the mountains
and in Carmel, for he loved the soil.
YLT
10and he buildeth towers in
the wilderness, and diggeth many wells, for he had much cattle, both in the low
country and in the plain, husbandmen and vine-dressers in the mountains, and in
Carmel; for he was a lover of the ground.
Also he built towers in the desert,.... In the desert of Arabia,
to protect travellers from thieves and robbers, and particularly shepherds and
their flocks, as appears by what follows; which a certain writerF16Agreement
of Customs between the East Indians and Jews, art. 13. p. 61. thinks are the
same which the Indians call pagodas; not such as served for temples, but were
buildings encompassed with good walls, where flocks were gathered together in
case of any alarm:
and digged many wells; for the watering of the
flocks, which in those hot and desert places were of great use:
for he had much cattle, both in the low country and in the plains; both flocks
and herds:
husbandmen also, and vinedressers in the mountains; husbandmen to
take care of the corn, and manure the land for that, and gather it when ripe;
and vinedressers to prune the vines, and look after them; which were very often
planted on mountains, and on which also corn grew, Psalm 72:16.
and in Carmel; a place in the tribe of Judah, where Nabal
dwelt, 1 Samuel 25:2 or it
may be put for any fruitful field:
for he loved husbandry; not only the profit, but
the exercise of it at times; and it was usual with great personages in the
eastern countries to employ themselves in some such way; Saul after he was king
attended the herd, 1 Samuel 11:5,
Mesha king of Moab was a sheep master, 2 Kings 3:4, among
the Romans, Quinctius Cincinnatus and Cato MajorF17In Cicero de
Senectute. were great lovers of husbandry; and we read of one of the Chinese
emperors that gave himself to husbandry, held the plough himself, broke the
clods, and cast in the seed, to set an example to the whole empireF18Martin.
Sinic. Hist. l. 8. p. 326. . Another of their emperors gave himself wholly to
husbandryF19Ib. l. 4. p. 92. ; an other chose an husbandman for his
successor, and who also encouraged husbandryF20Ib. l. 1. p. 29, 32.
.
2 Chronicles 26:11 11 Moreover Uzziah had an
army of fighting men who went out to war by companies, according to the number
on their roll as prepared by Jeiel the scribe and Maaseiah the officer, under
the hand of Hananiah, one of the king’s captains.
YLT
11And Uzziah hath a force,
making war, going forth to the host, by troops, in the number of their
reckoning by the hand of Jeiel the scribe and Masseiah the officer, by the hand
of Hananiah [one] of the heads of the king.
Moreover, Uzziah had an host of fighting men,.... A
standing army:
that went out to war by bands; to annoy his enemies,
and to scour the country from thieves and robbers, that came in troops to
plunder:
according to the number of their account, by the hand of Jeiel the
scribe; the secretary of war, who ordered these bands, settled their
number, and directed their destination:
and Maaseiah the ruler; or officer over them, a
lieutenant:
under the hand of Hananiah, one of the king's captains; that had the
command of them, or at least of one of them.
2 Chronicles 26:12 12 The total number of chief
officers[d] of the
mighty men of valor was two thousand six hundred.
YLT
12The whole number of heads
of the fathers of the mighty ones of valour [is] two thousand and six hundred;
The whole number of the chief of the fathers of the mighty men of
valour were two thousand six hundred. Who were the commanders
and principal officers of his army; and such a number supposed a large army, as
follows.
2 Chronicles 26:13 13 And under their authority was
an army of three hundred and seven thousand five hundred, that made war with
mighty power, to help the king against the enemy.
YLT
13and by their hand [is] the
force of the host, three hundred thousand, and seven thousand, and five hundred
warriors, with mighty power to give help to the king against the enemy.
And under their hand was an army, three hundred thousand and seven
thousand and five hundred,.... Which was larger than that in his father's
time by 7500, 2 Chronicles 25:5
besides officers:
that made war with mighty power, to help the king against the
enemy; they were ready to fight, and fight valiantly, whenever the king
had any occasion for them, or the land was invaded.
2 Chronicles 26:14 14 Then Uzziah prepared for
them, for the entire army, shields, spears, helmets, body armor, bows, and
slings to cast stones.
YLT
14And Uzziah prepareth for
them, for all the host, shields, and spears, and helmets, and coats of mail,
and bows, even to stones of the slings.
And Uzziah prepared for them throughout all the host,.... For every
soldier in the army:
shields and spears; defensive and offensive weapons, the one to
cover and protect their bodies, the other to push and pierce their enemies:
and helmets, and habergeons; the first of these were
a covering for the head in the day of battle, and the other coats of mail, to
defend the body:
and bows; to shoot arrows out of:
and slings to cast stones; at which the
Benjaminites formerly were very expert.
2 Chronicles 26:15 15 And he made devices in
Jerusalem, invented by skillful men, to be on the towers and the corners, to
shoot arrows and large stones. So his fame spread far and wide, for he was
marvelously helped till he became strong.
YLT
15And he maketh in Jerusalem
inventions -- a device of an inventor -- to be on the towers, and on the
corners, to shoot with arrows and with great stones, and his name goeth out
unto a distance, for he hath been wonderfully helped till that he hath been
strong.
And he made in Jerusalem engines, invented by cunning men, to be
on the towers, and upon the bulwarks, to shoot arrows and great stones withal,.... Such as
with the Romans were called "catapultae", "ballistae"F21Cicero.
Tusculan. Quaest. l. 2. Tacit. Hist. l. 3. c. 23. , "scorpiones"F23Ammian.
Marcellin. l. 23. , &c. and by this it appears that these were not first
invented in Greece and Rome, but in Judea. It is saidF24Vid.
Valtrinum de re militari Roman. l. 5. c. 6. , that the Romans received the
machine to batter cities from the Greeks, and that the Trojan horse was no
other than a battering ram; but if they did, the invention of them must be ascribed,
not to them, but rather to the Syrians and Phoenicians, according to PlinyF25Nat.
Hist. l. 7. c. 56. ; though othersF26Vitruvius de Architectura, l.
10. c. 19. Tertullian. de Pallio, c. 1. & Salmasius in ib. Vid. Turnebi
Adversaria, l. 29. c. 18. suppose the Carthaginians, who were a colony of
theirs, to be the inventors of them; yet, after all, they seem to be the device
of some skilful men among the Jews, in the times of Uzziah; according to
Diodorus SiculusF1Bibliothec. l. 2. p. 113. , they were not found
out when Nineveh was besieged in the times of Sardanapalus:
and his name spread far abroad; in distant countries,
for his warlike dispositions and preparations, which made them stand in fear of
him:
for he was helped until he was strong; he was wonderfully
helped by the Lord to build fortified places, raise a numerous army, and
provide all sorts of armour for them, and invent such machines as would greatly
annoy the enemy, whereby he became very potent, and injected dread round about
him.
2 Chronicles 26:16 16 But when he was strong his
heart was lifted up, to his destruction, for he transgressed against the
Lord his God by
entering the temple of the Lord to burn incense on the
altar of incense.
YLT
16And at his being strong his
heart hath been high unto destruction, and he trespasseth against Jehovah his
God, and goeth in unto the temple of Jehovah to make perfume upon the altar of
perfume.
When he was strong,.... Became great and powerful, through his
victories, the enlargement of his dominions, and having a numerous army, and
these well accoutred, and many fortified cities and towers:
his heart was lifted up to his destruction; he grew vain
and proud, elated with his flourishing circumstances, which issued in his ruin:
for he transgressed against the Lord his God; who had
helped him, and made him so great, and had bestowed so many favours upon him;
the Targum is,"the Word of the Lord his God;'what his transgression was,
follows:
and went into the temple of the Lord; the holy
place, into which none but the priests might enter:
to burn incense upon the altar of incense; which stood
there.
2 Chronicles 26:17 17 So Azariah the priest went
in after him, and with him were eighty priests of the Lord—valiant men.
YLT
17And Azariah the priest
goeth in after him, and with him priests of Jehovah eighty, sons of valour,
And Azariah the priest went in after him,.... To hinder
him from doing it, and to persuade him to go out. This was the high priest, as
appears from 2 Chronicles 26:20
and is thought to be the same that is spoken of in 1 Chronicles 6:10.
and with him eighty priests of the Lord, that were valiant men; not only able
bodied men, but men of spirit and courage, and zealous for the honour of God.
2 Chronicles 26:18 18 And they withstood King
Uzziah, and said to him, “It is not for you, Uzziah, to burn incense to
the Lord,
but for the priests, the sons of Aaron, who are consecrated to burn incense.
Get out of the sanctuary, for you have trespassed! You shall have no
honor from the Lord
God.”
YLT
18and they stand up against
Uzziah the king, and say to him, `Not for thee, O Uzziah, to make perfume to
Jehovah, but for priests, sons of Aaron, who are sanctified to make perfume; go
forth from the sanctuary, for thou hast trespassed, and [it is] not to thee for
honour from Jehovah God.'
And they withstood Uzziah the king,.... They not only stood
against him, but stood about him, surrounded him, so as to hinder him from
approaching the altar of incense:
and said unto him, it appertaineth not unto thee, Uzziah, to burn
incense unto the Lord; it did not belong to his office as a king, it was no part of it
but to the priests the sons of Aaron, that are consecrated to burn
incense; and to them only; for even the Levites might not do it, only
those of the tribe of Levi, that descended from Aaron, see Numbers 16:35,
go out of the sanctuary, for thou hast trespassed; by going into
that:
neither shall it be for thine honour from the Lord God; but to his hurt,
and be a brand of infamy upon him; for more is designed than is expressed, and
as the event showed.
2 Chronicles 26:19 19 Then Uzziah became
furious; and he had a censer in his hand to burn incense. And while he
was angry with the priests, leprosy broke out on his forehead, before the
priests in the house of the Lord, beside the incense
altar.
YLT
19And Uzziah is wroth, and in
his hand [is] a censer to make perfume, and in his being wroth with the priests
-- the leprosy hath risen in his forehead, before the priests, in the house of
Jehovah, from beside the altar of perfume.
Then Uzziah was wroth,.... With the priests,
and, as JosephusF2Antiqu. l. 9. c. 10. sect. 4. says, threatened to
kill them:
and had a censer in his hand to burn incense; ready to do
it, and resolved upon it:
and while he was wroth with the priests; and
expressing his indignation, and do what he would do to them, if they continued
to oppose him:
the leprosy even rose up in his forehead before the priests in the
house of the Lord, from beside the incense altar; which seems not only to
describe the position of the priests, being beside the altar of incense, to
keep the king from it, when the leprosy was seen by them in his forehead, but
the quarter from whence the stroke invisibly came. JosephusF3lbid.
says, there was earthquake at the same time, and a mountain was rent.
2 Chronicles 26:20 20 And Azariah the chief
priest and all the priests looked at him, and there, on his forehead, he was
leprous; so they thrust him out of that place. Indeed he also hurried to get
out, because the Lord
had struck him.
YLT
20And Azariah the head priest
looketh unto him, and all the priests, and lo, he [is] leprous in his forehead,
and they hasten him thence, and also he himself hath hastened to go out, for
Jehovah hath plagued him.
And Azariah the chief priest, and all the priests, looked upon
him, and, behold, he was leprous in his forehead,.... He was leprous all
over his body, no doubt, but it appeared in his forehead very remarkably, and was
seen by them all, who, without doubt, informed him of his case, and of which he
soon became sensible:
and they thrust him out from thence; the holy place, he being
now unfit to be in a common dwelling house, or his own palace, and much less to
be in the house of God:
yea, himself also hasted to go out, because the Lord had smitten
him; fearing, should he continue there, that something worse would
befall him; the Targum is, the Word of the Lord. The leprosy was a disease sent
immediately from God, as the case of Miriam, and this of Uzziah, show; and so
the PersiansF4Herodot. Clio, sive, l. 1. c. 138. had a notion, that
those had it who sinned against the sun, and for that reason, and which they
accounted and worshipped as God.
2 Chronicles 26:21 21 King Uzziah was a leper
until the day of his death. He dwelt in an isolated house, because he was a
leper; for he was cut off from the house of the Lord. Then Jotham
his son was over the king’s house, judging the people of the land.
YLT
21And Uzziah the king is a
leper unto the day of his death, and inhabiteth a separate house -- a leper,
for he hath been cut off from the house of Jehovah, and Jotham his son [is]
over the house of the king, judging the people of the land.
And Uzziah the king was a leper unto the day of his death, and
dwelt in a several house, being a leper,.... See Gill on 2 Kings 15:5,
for he was cut off from the house of the Lord; not, suffered
to enter into that, because of his uncleanness:
and Jotham his son was over the king's house, judging the people
of the land; see 2 Kings 15:5.
2 Chronicles 26:22 22 Now the rest of the acts
of Uzziah, from first to last, the prophet Isaiah the son of Amoz wrote.
YLT
22And the rest of the matters
of Uzziah, the first and the last, hath Isaiah son of Amoz the prophet written;
Now the rest of the acts of Uzziah, first and last,.... What were
done by him, both in the beginning and latter end of his reign:
did Isaiah the prophet, the son of Amoz, write: not in his
own prophecy, but in the history of his own times, which was usual for every
prophet to write, though now lost, see 2 Kings 15:6.
2 Chronicles 26:23 23 So Uzziah rested with his
fathers, and they buried him with his fathers in the field of burial which belonged
to the kings, for they said, “He is a leper.” Then Jotham his son reigned in
his place.
YLT
23and Uzziah lieth with his
fathers, and they bury him with his fathers, in the field of the burying-place
that the kings have, for they said, `He [is] a leper;' and reign doth Jotham
his son in his stead.
So Uzziah slept with his fathers,.... Died as they did,
the same year, according to Dr. LightfootF5Works, vol. 1. p. 99. ,
in which he was smitten with the leprosy; and in the year of his death it was
Isaiah had the vision related in Isaiah 6:1, &c.
and they buried him with his fathers; See Gill on 2 Kings 15:7.
──《John Gill’s
Exposition of the Bible》
New King James
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